摘要
本设计的目标是完成家用清扫机器人的结构及控制系统设计。首先对家用清扫机器人的国内外现状进行综述,分析了家用清扫机器人的设计意义和应用前景。然后进行的是家用清扫机器人的总体方案设计,其中机械结构由行走机构、清扫机构和吸尘机构组成,控制系统由主控系统、执行电机系统、传感器系统、液晶显示系统、电源系统和路径覆盖算法组成。
在进行清扫机器人的总体方案设计后,对家用清扫机器人的机械结构进行设计。其中行走机构采用三轮差速转向机构,通过改变两驱动轮的速度实现差速转向。为了使清扫面积更大,清扫机构采用边刷和滚刷共同清扫的方式。吸尘机构通过风机产生的气流配合边刷和滚刷将垃圾灰尘吸进储尘箱内。
最后对家用清扫机器人的控制系统进行设计,包括硬件设计和软件设计。硬件设计包括主控制器的选用和传感器电路的设计,为了满足清扫机器人的功能和提高运行速度,选用引脚数比较多的STM32F103ZET6单片机作为主控制器。软件设计主要是控制清扫机器人的运动轨迹和规划清扫机器人的清扫路径,绘制软件流程图并编写部分程序。
关键词: 清扫机器人;结构设计;控制系统设计;单片机
The Design of Structure and Control System for Household Cleaning Robot
|
Abstract
The goal of this design is to complete the design of the structure and control system of the cleaning robot.Firstly, the present situation of the cleaning robot is summarized and the design significance and application prospect of the cleaning robot are analyzed. The control system consists of the main control system, the implementation of the motor system, the sensor system, the power supply system and the path coverage, and the control system is composed of the main control system, the cleaning system and the vacuuming mechanism.
After the design of the cleaning robot, the mechanical structure of the household cleaning robot is designed. Traveling mechanism adopts a three-wheel moving mechanism, the front wheel is a steering wheel for turning, the rear wheel is a driving wheel for providing power, and the differential steering is realized by changing the speed of the two drive wheels. In order to make the cleaning area larger, the cleaning mechanism uses the side brush and roller brush to clean the way. Vacuum mechanism produces the air through the fan, and the air will swap the garbage dust into the dust box.
Finally, the control system for home cleaning robots is designed, including hardware design and software design. Hardware design includes the selection of the main controller and the design of the sensor circuit. In order to meet the function of cleaning the robot and improve the running speed, selecting the STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller as the main controller. The software design is mainly to control the movement path of the cleaning robot and plan the cleaning path of the cleaning robot, then drawing the software flow chart and writing a part of program.
Keywords Cleaning robot; structural design; control system design; MCU
随着科学技术的不断进步,智能机器人技术迅猛发展,其中服务型机器人逐渐成为科学家的研究对象。服务机器人中发展最快的是清扫机器人,清扫机器人融合了机械学、电子学、控制技术、计算机技术等多个学科,将机器人的移动技术和吸尘器的吸尘技术结合在一起,属于多学科交叉的产物[1]。家用清扫机器人的研发实现了家居的智能化,并且有利于其他相关技术的发展。
自从20世纪80年代开始,家用清扫机器人就开始受到科学家的关注,到目前为止,销售市场上已经出现各种各样的清扫机器人品牌。
1.2.1 国外产品研究现状
“RC3000”具备现代智能清扫机器人的基本功能,如图1-1所示,这台清扫机器人只有50cm长,它可以在主人外出时自主进行室内环境的清扫,并且当电源电压过低时,可以自行充电。它采用超声波避障传感器进行避障,它的移动路径是随机的,当清扫机器人的超声波传感器检测到障碍物或墙壁时,它会随机转过一个角度,然后直走继续清扫,直到遇到下一个障碍物[2]。它的程序里内置4种路径覆盖算法,可以组合使用,使清扫速度得以提高。同时,它使用光敏电阻,还能进行悬空检测,防止因跌落对清扫机器人造成的损坏[4]。
想知道重复率是多少?点击“知网论文查重入口”直连中国知网查重检测系统